Low frequency electrical fields are generated by galvanic injected currents through an excavation specific focusing electrode configuration. 

By adjusting the same voltage of same polarity simultaneously between the guard electrode A1 (+) and the return electrode B (-) and between the measuring electrode A0 (+) and the return electrode B (-), the measuring current is forced ahead of the face.

Thereby a distinct sensitivity zone for ground changes is established in a forefield distance of about 3 times the guard electrode A1 diameter, which is the tunnel diameter.  

The obtained measuring parameters are the frequency-dependent resistivities R (f) and derived IP Percentage Frequency Effect PFE.

Thus, when the tunnel face is advancing towards a ground change, the continous electrical measurements are directly imaging and early warning the “coming” new geological situation.

 

Petrophysical Classification

BEAM is based on an advanced inhouse developed processing, evaluation and visualisation software which shows the measuring data and distribution of percentage frequency effect

PFE and resistivity R for geological classification
and hydrogeological characterisation The PFE characterizes the ability of the ground to store electrical energy. Thus, it is reciprocally correlated to the effective porosity (permeability).

The Resistivity provides additional information about the fracture/cavity infillings (e.g. water, gas/air). Ground changes or obstacles are characterized by typical combined PFE/Resistivity-anomalies, which define different geological/hydrogeological ground situations (rock mass types and water-inflow potential).

Based on correlation of geoelectrical PFE-data and R-data to documented geological and hydrogeological conditions at different tunnel projects guided by BEAM surveys, a petrophysical classification was developed for hard rock and soft ground, each with 12 types.